Information Overload Mastered_Renewable and Alternative Energy Sources Ranked_Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, energy security

This post follows the previous one, "a short definition of Sustainable Development (SusDev.) with good reference links for more background reading but first please read on.

The Sustainability "Science and Engineering" theme with it's highly complex ramifications have undoubtedly lead to information overload, much confusion and therefore, in all probability, inadequate and ineffective responses to the many, inter-related challenges raised. (exponentially increasing resource waste?)

Here I wish to present, what I feel could become, one of the most important theoretical approaches to alleviate current misunderstandings in what is emerging as mankind's most important challenge(s), namely, climate-change and specifically energy - related solutions to global warming, air pollution mortality, and energy security. [It compliments and clarifies the earlier Pacala and Socolow Wedge Approach widely commented].

Mark Z. Jacobson of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA , in this "Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security" is a substantial, much needed, contribution to alleviate this situation.

The study deserves equally wide echo, comment and debate to reap the sustainability benefits owed to future generations, through present and future co-operation, co-ordination, leadership to attain anticipatory action-investment(s).

Mark justifies his work as follows:
"Air pollution and global warming are two of the greatest threats to human and animal health and political stability. Energy insecurity and rising prices of conventional energy sources are also major threats to economic and political stability. Many alternatives to conventional energy sources have been proposed, but analyses of such options have been limited in breadth and depth. The purpose of this paper is to review several major proposed solutions to these problems with respect to multiple externalities of each option. With such information, policy makers can make better decisions about supporting various options. Otherwise, market forces alone will drive decisions that may result in little benefit to climate, air pollution, or energy–security problems."

His approach is one of weighting and ranking renewable and alternative energy sources and resources.

Fuller post 21Feb 2009 my blog[Link-html]

Source and Acknowledgement:
Energy Environ. Sci., 2009, 2, 148-173, DOI: 10.1039/b809990c – Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry

Climate Change-Motor for Innovation-My J.K.Rowlings,H. Potter, Penseive

WHY INNOVATE?

PLANET UNDER PRESSURE

Between October and December 2004 The BBC (reporter Alex Kirby) ran a programme highlighting six aspects of pressures on our planet:1.Biodiversity -threats to species,2. Water crises, 3. Soaring energy demand, 4. Feeding the World while preserving the planet, 5. Tackling pollution, 6. Facing climate change.

In PICTURES

cf. Some of the Latest Reports on Climate Change:
Quick WebZine Round up 061016
TIMELY LINE: http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/tiempo/newswatch/arideas.htm
WHAT BUSINESS SAYS:


MIXED OUTCOMES - POLITICS LAGS SCIENCE:
Mulitlingual Window to the developping World: SciDev

An international accountancy firm has outlined how to sustain the rapid economic growth of emerging economies without having serious effects on the climate. Read More: Cutting emissions without an economic slow-down: SciDev



Sci Dev GLOBAL_Multilingual;English,French,Spanish,Chinese

ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS for YOUR GLOBAL PROJECTS

http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=2909&language=1
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3143798.stm

NEWS FROM SPACE-ESA

The weather at the bar:
- It influences public health and our general well-being,
-It has a direct impact on numerous sectors of the economy such as;
-agriculture, business, industry, transport and tourism.


“Severe weather poses one of today's biggest challenges as the damage caused by weather-related natural disasters is becoming increasingly significant. Since the apparent increase in the incidence of severe weather events is thought to be linked to a changing climate, it is crucial that we continue to further our understanding of the Earth system and its processes, enabling us to better predict the effects a changing climate may bring.”

JIT-Just-in-time: The economic and social benefits of accurate weather forecasts are huge; they give us precious time to prepare and make decisions, whether it be harvesting a crop before it rains, gritting the roads to prevent accidents, routing air traffic to avoid adverse conditions or simply planning day-to-day activities. In the extreme, knowing that hazardous weather conditions are on the way can save human life and property.


The European Space Agencies’ (ESA’s) “MetOp” programme represents the European contribution to a new co-operative venture with the United States’ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which for the last 40 years has been delivering meteorological data from polar orbit, free of charge, to users world-wide.

CLICK NOW FOR FACTS FROM THE BBC

TWO or THREE QUESTIONS FROM MY YOUTH IN AYRSHIRE-
1. IS THE FIRTH OF CLYDE HEATING DUE TO NUCLEAR PLANT COOLING?
WATER VAPOUR AMPLIFIER ...??? QUESTION & NUCLEAR COOLING?

2a. When will the sea level rise again to reach the level of Seagate Castle, "Sea gate" as the name implies, suggests that it was built on the shore-front, and is the Gate way to the sea and perhaps defense from sea invaders of that time. Seagate castle, in Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland was built around the time of Mary Stuart,Queen of Scots and visited by Mary herself.

2b. When was the area or town of Fullarton (Irvine & Fullarton) founded? Or re-worded, was the area now known as Fullarton, below sea level at the time of Mary Stuart Queen of Scots?

NB. Water builds the heat in Europe



ONE BIG PICTURE from BBC

THE RICH and THE POOR


CALIFORNIA LEADS THE WAY IN GAS MUZZELLING


1999 Already - STRONG CALLS to ACT



HOW TO START INNOVATING has been sieved, n'est pas, and re-edited in the next section .

Here I maintain the Rowlings Penseive concept -as open block notes fr shared reading, questions or comments.

In fact only this morning I was reminded of the great expectations to arise from biomimicry, micro-nano sensing, micro-nano systems research. Reference to Bionics was made. (TDB-To Be Done.)

May I suggest that an urgent sensors update approach in the form of a list of the natures known answers, "our knowledge of nature" be made widely available if only to both create the required synthetic sensors through biomimicry but also and maybe more productive,cheaper and effective to accept in more realistic time scales ie.with the proper credibility, for example through multivariable statistical computations Natures signs, Her Warnings, with more humility and use natures natural system with full enlightened respect.

"Thoughts from Dumbledore" ref. The imaginative J.K. Rowlings Character in Harry Potter

UNDERSTAND CLIMATE CHANGE -CLIMATE FORECASTS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/climate.stm
UNDERSTANDING THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/greenhouse.stm
UNDERSTANDING THE CARBON CYCLE:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/carbon.stm
SOME EXAMPLES OF FEEDBACK EFFECTS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/carbon.stm
POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON THE GULF STREAM :
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/gulf.stm
GET TO THE ROOTS OF CLIMATE SCIENCE & MODELING
http://www.climateprediction.net/science/index.php
GET INVOLVED
http://www.climateprediction.net/

GLOBAL DIMMING -not so simple but "Dr. COX is at the BAR.
"We're going to be in a situation unless we act where the cooling pollutant is dropping off while the warming pollutant is going up. That means we'll get reducing cooling and increased heating at the same time and that's a problem for us," says Dr Cox. -GLOBAL DIMMING cf.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4171591.stm
ACT ON

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/carbon.stm


SOME ACTION
http://www.greenenergyworks.org.uk/itworks.htm#jobs

TRADITIONAL APPROACHES

CLEANING COAL - As Fast As POSSIBLE (CC-ASAP)?
TITLE from BLACK to GREEN
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4468076.stm

*GROWTH - NEW: POTENTIAL SET-BACK TO GROWTH _CH4 (methane) Underestimated - Forestry
http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=2588&language=1



Management Action WEDGE
Forestry Management WEDGE action required cf. Wedge Theory below.
MAIN HOLISTIC ACTION PLAN -WEDGES -WEDGES MORE WEDGES

By R.Socolow, Science 13 August 2004:Vol. 305. no. 5686, pp. 968 - 972DOI: 10.1126/science.1100103

Review
Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies S. Pacala1* and R. Socolow2*
Humanity already possesses the fundamental scientific, technical, and industrial know-how to solve the carbon and climate problem for the next half-century. A portfolio of technologies now exists to meet the world's energy needs over the next 50 years and limit atmospheric CO2 to a trajectory that avoids a doubling of the preindustrial concentration. Every element in this portfolio has passed beyond the laboratory bench and demonstration project; many are already implemented somewhere at full industrial scale. Although no element is a credible candidate for doing the entire job (or even half the job) by itself, the portfolio as a whole is large enough that not every element has to be used.
1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pacala@princeton.edu
'//-->
(S.P.); socolow@princeton.edu
'//-->
(R.S.)

WEDGES EXPLAINED

www.stabilisation2005.com/day3/Socolow.pdf

Wedges commented, in french

http://www.planetpositive.ch/version_2_0/news/articles/1234/_quinze_idees_pour_sauver_le_monde.html

http://www.planetpositive.ch/version_2_0/news/articles/1234/_quinze_idees_pour_sauver_le_monde.html

WEDGE BIOGRAPHY-LITTERATURE-PAPERS LIST

http://mae.princeton.edu/people/e9/socolow/profile.html

www.stabilisation2005.com/day3/Socolow.pdf

WEDGE IDEAS from SCIENCE MAG.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/sci;305/5686/957

SEARCH - SEEK - FIND -EXPERIMENT
(Remember the Demming Virtuous Cycle :Plan Do Check & Act)
SEARCH FOR MATERIALS WHICH ABSORB CO2 REACT & BIND WITH & TRAP, CO2

Water builds the heat in EuropeWater vapour rather than carbon dioxide is the main reason why Europe is warming, a new study concludes.» 83% relevance 12/11/2005 similar stories
Heatwave makes plants warm planetThe 2003 heatwave turned Europe's plants from absorbers to producers of carbon dioxide, a new study finds.» 86% relevance 21/09/2005 similar stories
CO2 emissions put corals at riskIsraeli scientists predict coral reefs could begin to collapse in as little as 30 years from now.» 90% relevance 01/02/2005 similar stories

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/286839.stm
'No solution' found in more treesScientists find parts of the Amazon rainforest emit more carbon dioxide than they absorb when conditions are very wet.» 86% relevance 28/11/2003 similar stories
Oceans becoming more acidicTwo US scientists say the pH of the world's oceans is falling, potentially threatening marine life if it continues unabated.» 86% relevance 24/09/2003 similar stories
Land use 'alters climate'Alterations in land use may be as important as greenhouse gases in changing the climate, US scientists say.» 85% relevance 02/10/2002 similar stories
New greenhouse gas threatScientists discover a new greenhouse gas that is 18,000 times more effective than CO2 in trapping heat.» 86% relevance 27/07/2000 similar stories
Trees 'will not avert climate change'United Nations scientists say planting trees to absorb carbon dioxide will do little to slow global warming.» 88% relevance 20/10/1999 similar stories
Iron helps combat climate changeAdding iron to the sea could slow down climate change, according to the first results from an international experiment.


FROM THIS LIST ONE RECALLS THAT IRON (Fe) IS ONE SERIOUS (EXTREME) POTENTIAL TOOL TO LIMIT CO2 Fe is A FERTILISER FOR CO2 absorbing PLANKTON, BuuuT....!!!
and Fe again, one month earlier Adding iron to the sea could slow down climate change, according to the first results from an international experiment.


THE IPCC Special Report - Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (Pdf format)



MATERIALS & PROCESS CHEMISTS & ENGINEERS HAVE A STRONG ROLE TO PLAY
eg. in MINERALISATION of CO2. & Separation of CO2. Biologists Too
GREENHOUSE GAS ONLINE - EXTENSIVE
http://www.ghgonline.org/index.htm

IT MUST BE OBVIOUS BY NOW THAT ALL INDUSTRIES MUST BE CONSTRAINED (TO ALLOW FAIR COMPETITION) TO TAKE A FULL LIFE CYCLE VIEW OF THEIR "MATERIALS HANDLING. NATIONS & INTERNATIONAL BODIES MUST ESTABLISH & ENFORCE SUCH LEGISLATION & CONTROL. A 10 YEAR PERIOD WITH OBJECTIVES & AIMS TO BE MET APPEARS TO BE A PROPER ROAD TO GROWTH.




Table TS.2. Profile by process or industrial activity of worldwide large stationary CO2 sources with emissions of more than 0.1 MtCO2 per
year.
Process - No of sources - Emissions(MtCO2 yr-1)
Fossil fuels Power 4,942 10,539
Cement production 1,175 932
Refineries 638 798
Iron and steel industry 269 646
Petrochemical industry 470 379
Oil&gas processingN/A 50
Other sources 90 33
Biomass
Bioethanol& bioenergy 303 91
Total 7,887 13,466

CO2 in the Bin (in French), source Ademe, the French Environment Agency
http://www.manicore.com/documentation/serre/dechets.html

MATERIALS Carbon Equivalent per Tonne(metric T), produced
Matériau kg équivalent carbone par tonne produite (valeurs européennes)
PROCESS-Source-Emissions
Acier à partir de minerai - 850
Acier à partir de ferrailles
300
Aluminium à partir de minerai
3.000
Aluminium à partir de ferrailles d'alu
600
Verre plat
400
Verre bouteille
120
Plastique de base (polyéthylène, polystyrène, PCV, PETÉ)
500 à 1.600
Papier-carton
500
Ciment
250

TODAYS SEARCH 14 Feb 2006
GREENHOUSE GAS ONLINE - EXTENSIVE
http://www.ghgonline.org/index.htm

ECONOMICS :APPROACHES TO SOLVE CLIMATE CHANGE
http://www.neweconomics.org/gen/climate_change_top.aspx?page=1036&folder=146&

ENERGY SAVING IS GOOD PRACTICE:

LOW ENERGY LIGHT BULBS & BANNING THE LIGHT BULBS:
While counting or pennies and cents please note the disposal recommendations due to Mercury, Hg.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-energy_light-bulb

THINK LED - Light Emitting Diode.

LEDS Explained.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED

Advantages Far Outweigh Disadvantages - Why is their adoption so slow?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED#Disadvantages_of_using_LEDs

CHECK THESE LED IMAGES
http://delphi.homelinux.org/gallery/ledlight

LED IMAGES & PRICES TO BEAT
http://www.thinkgeek.com/clearance/7aa8/



LINKS ON CLIMATE CHANGE BASICS & ARTICLES

Global Warming (GW) and Sudden' Climate Change Information
http://www.visi.com/~gmatkovits/SCC%20Post-03.21..2005.html
Who is blogging on climate?-cf.technorati
Who is blogging on climate?
EU_European Union "CO2 Free Trade Area"_Road to Economic Growth:Trade in your C02 emissions & especially Phase out your CO2 emissions.
TOTAL COST EFFECTIVE CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCTION FROM ROYAL DUTCH
Tell them to
"Shell those CO2 Emissions"

TBD-To Be DoneBD
THE VERY HOTEST TOPIC http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4698652.stmNB.A TOPIC-CIVIL AVIATION(Kyoto XYZ bis?)Stats-The Law of Series! cf. La Recherche(fr) Jan06, Thierry de la Rue & More Plane info @ http://www.airdisaster.com/ Blacklisted HOT TROPICS-Hurricane Events Analysis, Response and Mitigation http://www.asce.org/static/hurricane/journal.cfm Lawrence Livermore & Carnegie-TROPICAL& Temperate Climate Advice:http://www.llnl.gov/pao/news/news_releases/2005/NR-05-11-01.html more http://www.llnl.gov/ cf. http://www.scientific-computing.com/minisite/issue95/2.html 1st Reaction Tropical Forest =4X,10X? Temperates-STRICT MANAGEMENT of Tropicals & Plant both Trop&Temp Forests in proper species & proportions.